Topographic maps

Ontario's topography is a diverse tapestry shaped by its vast expanse and geological history. The Canadian Shield dominates the northern and central regions, characterized by ancient Precambrian rock formations, rugged terrain, and numerous lakes and rivers. In contrast, the Hudson Bay Lowlands in the far…

Average elevation: 245 m

Canada's topography is a diverse tapestry shaped by its vast landscapes and geological history. Dominating nearly half of the country, the Canadian Shield is a massive expanse of ancient, eroded rocks, characterized by a rugged terrain dotted with countless lakes and rivers. To the west, the majestic Rocky…

Average elevation: 254 m

Average elevation: 293 m

Quebec's topography is characterized by three main physiographic regions: the Canadian Shield, the St. Lawrence Lowlands, and the Appalachian Mountains. The Canadian Shield, covering about 90% of the province, features rugged terrain with rocky plateaus, rolling hills, and numerous rivers and lakes formed by…

Average elevation: 195 m

Vancouver, British Columbia, is situated on the Burrard Peninsula, bordered by Burrard Inlet to the north and the Fraser River to the south. The city's topography is a blend of flat and hilly terrains, with elevations ranging from sea level to approximately 152 meters (500 feet) above sea level. The North…

Average elevation: 34 m

Despite its deep ravines, Toronto is not remarkably hilly, but its elevation does increase steadily away from the lake. Elevation differences range from 76.5 metres (251 ft) above sea level at the Lake Ontario shore to 209 m (686 ft) ASL near the York University grounds in the city's north end at the…

Average elevation: 113 m

Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, is situated on the south bank of the Ottawa River at the confluence with the Rideau River. The city's topography is characterized by gently rolling terrain with elevations ranging from approximately 44 meters (144 feet) above sea level at the Ottawa River to its highest…

Average elevation: 105 m

Average elevation: 806 m

British Columbia's topography is a testament to its diverse and dramatic landscapes. Dominated by the Cordillera region, the province features prominent mountain ranges such as the Coast Mountains in the west and the Rocky Mountains in the east. The Coast Mountains, composed of granite rocks from the…

Average elevation: 708 m

The Central Region of Singapore, encompassing approximately 132.7 square kilometers (51.2 square miles), features a diverse topography characterized by both hilly terrains and flat coastal areas. Dominating the landscape is Bukit Timah Hill, the nation's highest natural point at 164 meters (538 feet), composed…

Average elevation: 11 m

Average elevation: 152 m

Average elevation: 0 m

Average elevation: 51 m

Calgary experiences a semi-monsoonal humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwb) within eastern parts of the city and a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dwc) within western parts of the city due to an increase in elevation. The city has warm, comfortable summers and…

Average elevation: 1,106 m

Nova Scotia's topography is a diverse blend of rugged highlands, rolling hills, and fertile lowlands. The province's landscape is shaped by several upland regions, including the Southern Upland, North Mountain, and Cobequid Mountain, which are interspersed with extensive lowlands. The Southern Upland rises…

Average elevation: 41 m

Winnipeg lies at the bottom of the Red River Valley, a flood plain with an extremely flat topography. It is on the eastern edge of the Canadian Prairies in Western Canada and is known as the "Gateway to the West". Winnipeg is bordered by tallgrass prairie to the west and south and the aspen parkland to the…

Average elevation: 236 m

Average elevation: 71 m

Average elevation: 158 m

Elevation in the county ranges from mean sea level to its highest natural point of 110 feet (34 m) near the intersection of SR 580 and Countryside Blvd. in Clearwater. Due to its small size and high population, by the early 21st century Pinellas County has been mostly built out, with very little developable…

Average elevation: 4 m

Average elevation: 7 m

Average elevation: 620 m

Victoria, British Columbia, is situated on the southern tip of Vancouver Island, Canada, and boasts a diverse and varied topography. The city is characterized by rolling hills, rugged coastal cliffs, and lush valleys, providing a striking contrast between mountainous terrain and flatland areas. To the north…

Average elevation: 17 m

In 1496, John Cabot obtained a charter from English King Henry VII to "sail to all parts, countries and seas of the East, the West and of the North, under our banner and ensign and to set up our banner on any new-found-land" and on June 24, 1497, landed in Cape Bonavista. Historians disagree on whether Cabot…

Average elevation: 192 m

Average elevation: 235 m

At 6,035 feet (1,839 m) the city stands over 1 mile (1.6 km) above sea level. Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak, which rises 14,115 feet (4,302.31 m) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains. The city is the largest city north of Mexico above 6000 feet in elevation.

Average elevation: 2,252 m

The coastline is heavily indented, accounting for its length of approximately 400 km (250 mi), with the northern boundary of the municipality usually being between 50–60 km (31–37 mi) inland. The coast is mostly rock with small isolated sand beaches in sheltered bays. The largest coastal features include…

Average elevation: 46 m

Average elevation: 511 m

Average elevation: 708 m

Average elevation: 199 m

Average elevation: 29 m

Saskatoon lies on a long belt of rich, potassic chernozem in middle-southern Saskatchewan and is found in the aspen parkland biome. The lack of surrounding mountainous topography gives the city a relatively flat grid, though the city does sprawl over a few hills and into a few valleys. The lowest point in the…

Average elevation: 504 m

Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties, as well as the city of Baltimore, border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and…

Average elevation: 149 m

The city itself is hilly, though not uniformly so. Like Rome, the city is said to lie on seven hills; the lists vary but typically include Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Queen Anne, Magnolia, and the former Denny Hill. The Wallingford, Delridge, Mount Baker, Seward Park, Washington Park,…

Average elevation: 40 m

The western two-thirds of the state, lying in the great central plain of the United States, has a generally flat or undulating surface, while the eastern third has many hills and forests. The land gradually rises from east to west; its altitude ranges from 684 ft (208 m) along the Verdigris River at…

Average elevation: 601 m

Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River, at an elevation of 671 m (2,201 ft). It is North America's northernmost city with a metropolitan population over one million. It is at the same latitude as Hamburg (Germany); Dublin (Ireland); Manchester (United Kingdom); and Magnitogorsk (Russia). It is south of…

Average elevation: 690 m

Average elevation: 205 m

Average elevation: 235 m

Average elevation: 298 m

Average elevation: 318 m

Average elevation: 343 m

Average elevation: 833 m

Average elevation: 193 m

Kitchener is located in Southwestern Ontario, in the Saint Lawrence Lowlands. This geological and climatic region has wet-climate soils and deciduous forests. Situated in the Grand River Valley, the area is generally above 300 m (1,000 ft) in elevation.

Average elevation: 336 m

Average elevation: 28 m

Average elevation: 331 m

Phoenix is in the southwestern United States, in the south-central portion of Arizona; about halfway between Tucson to the southeast and Flagstaff to the north. By car, the city is approximately 150 miles (240 kilometers) north of the US-Mexico border at Sonoyta and 180 mi (290 km) north of the border at…

Average elevation: 481 m

Gatineau is located in southwestern Quebec, on the northern bank of the Gatineau River. It is situated at an elevation of around 50 m (164.042 ft) The Gatineau Hills are the foothills of the Laurentian Mountains and located in the region. It is also the location of the second largest urban park in the world.…

Average elevation: 127 m

Average elevation: 295 m

Like much of Metro Vancouver, Coquitlam has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate type Cfb), experiencing mild temperatures and high precipitation; warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. However, compared to most other cities in the area, precipitation is especially heavy in Coquitlam due to its proximity to…

Average elevation: 190 m

At an altitude of about 17 m (56 ft) above sea level, Fredericton is nestled in the Pennsylvanian Basin. It differs markedly from the geologically older parts of the province. There are prominently two distinct areas in the region that are divided around the area of Wilsey Road, in the east end of the city. In…

Average elevation: 72 m

Average elevation: 16 m

Average elevation: 8 m

Average elevation: 995 m

Average elevation: 0 m

Average elevation: 78 m

Average elevation: 14 m

Average elevation: 170 m

Brooksville is known for its rolling topography with elevations ranging from 100 ft to 180 ft. The highest elevation in the area is Chinsegut Hill, at 269 ft, over five and a half miles north of the city.

Average elevation: 29 m

Average elevation: 47 m

Rainfall varies with elevation, size and water currents, such as the cool upwellings that keep the ABC islands arid. Warm, moist trade winds blow consistently from the east, creating both rain forest and semi arid climates across the region. The tropical rainforest climates include lowland areas near the…

Average elevation: 20 m

Average elevation: 185 m

Average elevation: 98 m

Average elevation: 1,106 m

Average elevation: 47 m

Average elevation: 10 m

Average elevation: 84 m

Average elevation: 77 m

Average elevation: 363 m

Average elevation: 110 m

Average elevation: 1,071 m

Average elevation: 216 m

Average elevation: 61 m

Average elevation: 128 m

Average elevation: 9 m

Average elevation: 6 m

Average elevation: 288 m

A portion of Eastern Pasco County contains rolling topography with elevations from 100 to 160 ft (30 to 49 m), along with San Antonio and St. Leo.

Average elevation: 18 m

Average elevation: 220 m

Average elevation: 288 m

The Andes Mountains are the highest mountain range outside Asia. The highest mountain outside Asia, Argentina's Mount Aconcagua, rises to an elevation of about 6,961 m (22,838 ft) above sea level. The peak of Chimborazo in the Ecuadorian Andes is farther from the Earth's center than any other location on the…

Average elevation: 6,208 m

Lake Ontario is the easternmost of the Great Lakes and the smallest in surface area (7,340 sq mi, 18,960 km2), although it exceeds Lake Erie in volume (393 cu mi, 1,639 km3). It is the 13th largest lake in the world. When its islands are included, the lake's shoreline is 712 miles (1,146 km) long. As the last…

Average elevation: 214 m

The northern border of the county is Tonawanda Creek. Part of the southern border is Cattaraugus Creek. Other major streams include Buffalo Creek (Buffalo River), Cayuga Creek, Cazenovia Creek, Scajaquada Creek, Eighteen Mile Creek and Ellicott Creek. The county's northern half, including Buffalo and its…

Average elevation: 286 m

Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 sq mi (8,983 km2), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers, and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest supervolcano on the continent. The caldera is…

Average elevation: 2,450 m

Average elevation: 31 m

Average elevation: 1,936 m

The rain shadow effect of the island's mountains, as well as the mountains of Washington's Olympic Peninsula, creates wide variation in precipitation. The west coast is considerably wetter than the east coast. Average annual precipitation ranges from 6,650 mm (262 in) at Hucuktlis Lake on the west coast…

Average elevation: 411 m

The city of Baton Rouge lies on the banks of the Mississippi River in southeastern Louisiana's Florida Parishes region. The city is about 79 miles (127 km) from New Orleans, 126 miles (203 km) from Alexandria, 56 miles (90 km) from Lafayette and 250 miles (400 km) from Shreveport. It is also 173 miles (278 km)…

Average elevation: 12 m

At 987 feet (301 m), the highest elevation in the county is a U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey benchmark known as "Bailey" in Mountain Lakes Park near the Connecticut state line. The lowest elevation is sea level, along both the Hudson and Long Island Sound.

Average elevation: 95 m

Average elevation: 181 m

Average elevation: 232 m

Average elevation: 344 m

Average elevation: 20 m

Unlike other planned cities in the Canadian West, on its treeless flat plain Regina has few topographical features other than the small spring run-off, Wascana Creek. Early planners took advantage of such opportunity by damming the creek to create a decorative lake to the south of the central business district…

Average elevation: 582 m

Average elevation: 110 m

Average elevation: 258 m

Average elevation: 66 m

Average elevation: 30 m

London has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), though due to its downwind location relative to Lake Huron and elevation changes across the city, it is virtually on the Dfa/Dfb (hot summer) boundary favouring the former climate zone to the southwest of the confluence of the South and North Thames Rivers,…

Average elevation: 268 m

Average elevation: 99 m

Average elevation: 386 m