Topographic maps

Ontario's topography is a diverse tapestry shaped by its vast expanse and geological history. The Canadian Shield dominates the northern and central regions, characterized by ancient Precambrian rock formations, rugged terrain, and numerous lakes and rivers. In contrast, the Hudson Bay Lowlands in the far…

Average elevation: 245 m

Canada's topography is a diverse tapestry shaped by its vast landscapes and geological history. Dominating nearly half of the country, the Canadian Shield is a massive expanse of ancient, eroded rocks, characterized by a rugged terrain dotted with countless lakes and rivers. To the west, the majestic Rocky…

Average elevation: 254 m

Despite its deep ravines, Toronto is not remarkably hilly, but its elevation does increase steadily away from the lake. Elevation differences range from 76.5 metres (251 ft) above sea level at the Lake Ontario shore to 209 m (686 ft) ASL near the York University grounds in the city's north end at the…

Average elevation: 113 m

Nova Scotia's topography is a diverse blend of rugged highlands, rolling hills, and fertile lowlands. The province's landscape is shaped by several upland regions, including the Southern Upland, North Mountain, and Cobequid Mountain, which are interspersed with extensive lowlands. The Southern Upland rises…

Average elevation: 41 m

Vancouver, British Columbia, is situated on the Burrard Peninsula, bordered by Burrard Inlet to the north and the Fraser River to the south. The city's topography is a blend of flat and hilly terrains, with elevations ranging from sea level to approximately 152 meters (500 feet) above sea level. The North…

Average elevation: 34 m

The Central Region of Singapore, encompassing approximately 132.7 square kilometers (51.2 square miles), features a diverse topography characterized by both hilly terrains and flat coastal areas. Dominating the landscape is Bukit Timah Hill, the nation's highest natural point at 164 meters (538 feet), composed…

Average elevation: 11 m

British Columbia's topography is a testament to its diverse and dramatic landscapes. Dominated by the Cordillera region, the province features prominent mountain ranges such as the Coast Mountains in the west and the Rocky Mountains in the east. The Coast Mountains, composed of granite rocks from the…

Average elevation: 708 m

Average elevation: 511 m

Average elevation: 152 m

Average elevation: 293 m

Calgary, Alberta, is uniquely positioned in the transition zone between the rolling Canadian Prairies to the east and the rugged foothills of the Canadian Rockies to the west, creating a landscape of undulating hills, plateau-like uplands, and deep river valleys. The Bow and Elbow Rivers carve prominent bluffs…

Average elevation: 1,106 m

Average elevation: 806 m

Quebec's topography is characterized by three main physiographic regions: the Canadian Shield, the St. Lawrence Lowlands, and the Appalachian Mountains. The Canadian Shield, covering about 90% of the province, features rugged terrain with rocky plateaus, rolling hills, and numerous rivers and lakes formed by…

Average elevation: 195 m

The coastline is heavily indented, accounting for its length of approximately 400 km (250 mi), with the northern boundary of the municipality usually being between 50–60 km (31–37 mi) inland. The coast is mostly rock with small isolated sand beaches in sheltered bays. The largest coastal features include…

Average elevation: 46 m

Elevation in the county ranges from mean sea level to its highest natural point of 110 feet (34 m) near the intersection of SR 580 and Countryside Blvd. in Clearwater. Due to its small size and high population, by the early 21st century Pinellas County has been mostly built out, with very little developable…

Average elevation: 4 m

Average elevation: 0 m

Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties, as well as the city of Baltimore, border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and…

Average elevation: 149 m

Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, is situated on the south bank of the Ottawa River at the confluence with the Rideau River. The city's topography is characterized by gently rolling terrain with elevations ranging from approximately 44 meters (144 feet) above sea level at the Ottawa River to its highest…

Average elevation: 105 m

The rain shadow effect of the island's mountains, as well as the mountains of Washington's Olympic Peninsula, creates wide variation in precipitation. The west coast is considerably wetter than the east coast. Average annual precipitation ranges from 6,650 mm (262 in) at Hucuktlis Lake on the west coast…

Average elevation: 411 m

At 6,035 feet (1,839 m) the city stands over 1 mile (1.6 km) above sea level. Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak, which rises 14,115 feet (4,302.31 m) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains. The city is the largest city north of Mexico above 6000 feet in elevation.

Average elevation: 2,252 m

Average elevation: 181 m

Winnipeg lies at the bottom of the Red River Valley, a flood plain with an extremely flat topography. It is on the eastern edge of the Canadian Prairies in Western Canada and is known as the "Gateway to the West". Winnipeg is bordered by tallgrass prairie to the west and south and the aspen parkland to the…

Average elevation: 236 m

Kitchener is located in Southwestern Ontario, in the Saint Lawrence Lowlands. This geological and climatic region has wet-climate soils and deciduous forests. Situated in the Grand River Valley, the area is generally above 300 m (1,000 ft) in elevation.

Average elevation: 336 m

Victoria, British Columbia, is situated on the southern tip of Vancouver Island, Canada, and boasts a diverse and varied topography. The city is characterized by rolling hills, rugged coastal cliffs, and lush valleys, providing a striking contrast between mountainous terrain and flatland areas. To the north…

Average elevation: 17 m

Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River, at an elevation of 671 m (2,201 ft). It is North America's northernmost city with a metropolitan population over one million. It is at the same latitude as Hamburg (Germany); Dublin (Ireland); Manchester (United Kingdom); and Magnitogorsk (Russia). It is south of…

Average elevation: 690 m

Average elevation: 47 m

The western two-thirds of the state, lying in the great central plain of the United States, has a generally flat or undulating surface, while the eastern third has many hills and forests. The land gradually rises from east to west; its altitude ranges from 684 ft (208 m) along the Verdigris River at…

Average elevation: 601 m

The shoreline of former Glacial Lake Iroquois roughly follows the Dundas Street alignment, although it is not noticeable in some places but is more prominent in others, such as the site of the former brickyard (Shoreline Dr. near Mavis Rd.), the ancient shoreline promenteau affords a clear view of downtown…

Average elevation: 151 m

Average elevation: 205 m

Unlike other planned cities in the Canadian West, on its treeless flat plain Regina has few topographical features other than the small spring run-off, Wascana Creek. Early planners took advantage of such opportunity by damming the creek to create a decorative lake to the south of the central business district…

Average elevation: 582 m

Burnaby occupies 98.6 square kilometres (38.1 sq mi) and is located at the geographic centre of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The regional district's government is located in Burnaby's Metrotown area. Situated between the city of Vancouver on the west and Port Moody, Coquitlam, and New Westminster on…

Average elevation: 59 m

Average elevation: 51 m

Average elevation: 305 m

Average elevation: 235 m

The city of Baton Rouge lies on the banks of the Mississippi River in southeastern Louisiana's Florida Parishes region. The city is about 79 miles (127 km) from New Orleans, 126 miles (203 km) from Alexandria, 56 miles (90 km) from Lafayette and 250 miles (400 km) from Shreveport. It is also 173 miles (278 km)…

Average elevation: 12 m

Average elevation: 16 m

Its territory, with a maximum elevation of just over 350 metres (1,150 ft), is sparsely populated, the majority of the population living along or near the Ottawa River. The northern portion is a vast extended tract of undeveloped land, dotted with lakes, such as Findlay, Landon, Gagnon, and Caughlin, which are…

Average elevation: 245 m

Average elevation: 14 m

Average elevation: 343 m

Average elevation: 29 m

The city itself is hilly, though not uniformly so. Like Rome, the city is said to lie on seven hills; the lists vary but typically include Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Queen Anne, Magnolia, and the former Denny Hill. The Wallingford, Delridge, Mount Baker, Seward Park, Washington Park,…

Average elevation: 40 m

Average elevation: 676 m

Salt Lake City has an area of 110.4 square miles (286 km2) and an average elevation of 4,327 feet (1,319 m) above sea level. The lowest point within the boundaries of the city is 4,210 feet (1,280 m) near the Jordan River and the Great Salt Lake, and the highest is Grandview Peak, at 9,410 feet (2,868 m).

Average elevation: 1,625 m

Average elevation: 708 m

Average elevation: 258 m

Average elevation: 338 m

Average elevation: 196 m

Phoenix is in the southwestern United States, in the south-central portion of Arizona; about halfway between Tucson to the southeast and Flagstaff to the north. By car, the city is approximately 150 miles (240 kilometers) north of the US-Mexico border at Sonoyta and 180 mi (290 km) north of the border at…

Average elevation: 481 m

The Philippines is an archipelago of approximately 7,641 islands, with a total land area of about 300,000 square kilometers. The terrain is predominantly mountainous, with narrow coastal plains and valleys. The highest peak is Mount Apo on Mindanao, reaching 2,954 meters (9,692 feet) above sea level. Other…

Average elevation: 33 m

Average elevation: 384 m

The elevation in Redding is 495 feet (151 meters) on average, whereas anywhere to the north, east, or west of downtown ranges between 550 feet (170 m) and 800 feet (240 m) feet. Southern portions range between 400 feet (120 m) and 500 feet (150 m).

Average elevation: 240 m

Average elevation: 386 m

Average elevation: 8 m

Average elevation: 28 m

Average elevation: 393 m

At an altitude of about 17 m (56 ft) above sea level, Fredericton is nestled in the Pennsylvanian Basin. It differs markedly from the geologically older parts of the province. There are prominently two distinct areas in the region that are divided around the area of Wilsey Road, in the east end of the city. In…

Average elevation: 72 m

Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 sq mi (8,983 km2), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers, and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest supervolcano on the continent. The caldera is…

Average elevation: 2,450 m

Iran's topography is diverse and dominated by rugged mountain ranges, which define much of its landscape. To the west, the Zagros Mountains stretch from the northwest to the southeast, with many peaks surpassing 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) in elevation. These mountains form a rugged barrier between Iran's…

Average elevation: 786 m

Average elevation: 170 m

Indio is home of Riverside County's eastern administration offices. Palm Springs had more people from 1955 to 1992, when the US census announced that Indio surpassed Palm Springs and that title was returned to them. The official elevation of Indio is below sea level; the city hall is 14 feet (4 m) below sea…

Average elevation: 74 m

Average elevation: 358 m

The weight of the ice has depressed the central area of Greenland; the bedrock surface is near sea level over most of the interior of Greenland, but mountains occur around the periphery, confining the sheet along its margins. If the ice suddenly disappeared, Greenland would most probably appear as an…

Average elevation: 796 m

At 987 feet (301 m), the highest elevation in the county is a U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey benchmark known as "Bailey" in Mountain Lakes Park near the Connecticut state line. The lowest elevation is sea level, along both the Hudson and Long Island Sound.

Average elevation: 95 m

Average elevation: 444 m

Average elevation: 1,141 m

Willow Springs Park was founded as a part of the Willow Springs Wetlands Restoration Project which opened in October 2017. The project restored 11 acres of a 48-acre degraded oil well site into wetlands. These highlight the pivotal role the ecosystem played in the City of Long Beach’s establishment in the…

Average elevation: 12 m

Saskatoon lies on a long belt of rich, potassic chernozem in middle-southern Saskatchewan and is found in the aspen parkland biome. The lack of surrounding mountainous topography gives the city a relatively flat grid, though the city does sprawl over a few hills and into a few valleys. The lowest point in the…

Average elevation: 504 m

Average elevation: 291 m

Average elevation: 237 m

Prince Rupert Airport (YPR/CYPR) is on Digby Island. Its position is 54°17′10″N 130°26′41″W / 54.28611°N 130.44472°W / 54.28611; -130.44472, and its elevation is 35 m (116 ft) above sea level. The airport consists of one runway, one passenger terminal, and two aircraft stands. Access to…

Average elevation: 91 m

In 1496, John Cabot obtained a charter from English King Henry VII to "sail to all parts, countries and seas of the East, the West and of the North, under our banner and ensign and to set up our banner on any new-found-land" and on June 24, 1497, landed in Cape Bonavista. Historians disagree on whether Cabot…

Average elevation: 192 m

Average elevation: 8 m

Average elevation: 72 m

Dhankuta is a mid-hill district of eastern hill region of Nepal. It is situated between 26°53' to 27°19' north latitude and 87°8' to 88°33' east longitude. Total area of the district is 888.7 square kilometres (343.1 mi2) and it is located at 243 metres (9,600 in) to 629 metres (24,800 in) of elevation…

Average elevation: 1,098 m

Average elevation: 1,396 m

Average elevation: 249 m

Average elevation: 2,227 m

Sofia City Province has an area of 1344 km2, while the surrounding and much bigger Sofia Province is 7,059 km2. Sofia's development as a significant settlement owes much to its central position in the Balkans. It is situated in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley…

Average elevation: 746 m

Average elevation: 31 m

London has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), though due to its downwind location relative to Lake Huron and elevation changes across the city, it is virtually on the Dfa/Dfb (hot summer) boundary favouring the former climate zone to the southwest of the confluence of the South and North Thames Rivers,…

Average elevation: 268 m

Quebec City was built on the north bank of the Saint Lawrence River, where it narrows and meets the mouth of the Saint-Charles River. Old Quebec is located on top and at the foot of Cap-Diamant, which is on the eastern edge of a plateau called the promontory of Quebec (Quebec hill). Because of this topographic…

Average elevation: 117 m

Average elevation: 223 m

Florida's topography is characterized by its predominantly flat landscape, with the highest elevation being Britton Hill at just 345 feet (105 meters) above sea level, making it the lowest high point of any U.S. state. The state is primarily divided into three physiographic regions: the Atlantic Coastal Plain,…

Average elevation: 6 m

Banff is a town within Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. It is located in Alberta's Rockies along the Trans-Canada Highway, approximately 126 km (78 mi) west of Calgary and 58 km (36 mi) east of Lake Louise. At 1,400 to 1,630 m (4,590 to 5,350 ft) above sea level, Banff is the community with the second…

Average elevation: 1,615 m

Average elevation: 249 m

One of Quebec's official regions is called Laurentides. The mountain range runs through four other regions; Capitale-Nationale, Outaouais, Lanaudière, and Mauricie. The elevation generally ranges from around 500 m (1,640 ft) to 1,000 m (3,280 ft) with Mont Raoul-Blanchard being its highest peak, at 1,166 m…

Average elevation: 348 m

Despite its deep ravines, Toronto is not remarkably hilly, but its elevation does increase steadily away from the lake. Elevation differences range from 76.5 metres (251 ft) above sea level at the Lake Ontario shore to 209 m (686 ft) ASL near the York University grounds in the city's north end at the…

Average elevation: 139 m

Average elevation: 288 m

Average elevation: 294 m

Average elevation: 13 m

Average elevation: 66 m

Average elevation: 99 m

Cochrane is situated at the base of Big Hill in the Bow River Valley. It sits at an elevation of 1,186 m (3,891 ft). The town is intersected by Highway 1A and Highway 22. Cochrane has a reputation for its western culture, which can easily be felt when one wanders the streets (particularly Main Street). The…

Average elevation: 1,205 m

Average elevation: 179 m

This region of Ontario has cold winters and warm, humid summers, falling into the Köppen climate classification Dfb zone, with moderately high rainfall and snowfall. It is generally a couple of degrees cooler than lower elevation regions on the Great Lakes shorelines, especially so in winter, the exception…

Average elevation: 344 m

Like much of Metro Vancouver, Coquitlam has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate type Cfb), experiencing mild temperatures and high precipitation; warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. However, compared to most other cities in the area, precipitation is especially heavy in Coquitlam due to its proximity to…

Average elevation: 190 m

Markham's average altitude is at 200 m (660 ft) and in general consists of gently rolling hills. The city is intersected by two rivers; the Don River and Rouge River, as well as their tributaries. To the north is the Oak Ridges Moraine, which further elevates the elevation towards the north.

Average elevation: 216 m

Average elevation: 389 m

Average elevation: 1,025 m

Spokane is located on the Spokane River in eastern Washington at an elevation of 1,843 feet (562 m) above sea level, about 18 miles (29 km) from Idaho, 92 miles (148 km) south of the Canadian border, 229 miles (369 km) due east of Seattle, and 279 miles (449 km) southwest of Calgary. The lowest elevation in…

Average elevation: 655 m